Design and parameters optimization for solid organic fertilizer loading and spreading machines based on the discrete element method

The application of solid organic fertilizer is primarily a manual process, leading to inefficiencies and substantial labor demands. The complexity of the task, combined with the market’s lack of machinery capable of both loading and spreading, presents significant challenges. This study introduced the design of an integrated machine that facilitates the loading, transporting, and spreading of solid organic fertilizer. Utilizing the discrete element method, we simulated these processes to refine the machine’s efficiency. EDEM software was used for simulation calculation. The goal was to identify optimal parameters for the machine’s loading and spreading functions. Factors such as forward speed, spreading roller speed, and spreading height were evaluated for their impact on spreading uniformity, using Design-Expert software for experimental design. Through the Box–Behnken experimental approach, a second-order regression model was developed and refined. This optimization process identified the most effective combination of operational parameters: a forward speed of 0.42 meters per second, a spreading roller speed of 216 revolutions per minute, and a spreading height of 545 millimeters. These specifications were intended for the integrated machine, enhancing the efficiency of organic fertilizer loading, transport, and spreading activities.