Type 2 diabetes mellitus: course and outcomes of pregnancy on the example of a clinical case

In recent years, the study of the course and outcomes of pregnancy in the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) has attracted more attention from researchers. Type 2 diabetes mellitus most often develops in adults, but in recent years it has often occurred in young women planning a pregnancy. Type 2 DM in the mother is associated with pregnancy complications and an increase in adverse outcomes for both the woman and the newborn. Short-term complications include macrosomia, respiratory distress syndrome, neonatal hypoglycemia, congenital fetal malformations, and in the long term, both the mother and the child have a high risk of metabolic diseases. The results of scientific studies confirm that type 2 diabetes, especially in the context of obesity, is closely associated with pregnancy complications: early and late threatened miscarriage, arterial hypertension, moderate and severe preeclampsia, premature detachment of a normally located placenta, placental insufficiency, diabetic fetopathy and intrauterine fetal death, premature birth and low Apgar score of the newborn. Prevention of the development of adverse outcomes for both mother and child in type 2 diabetes is careful pregnancy planning against the background of normoglycemia and achieving target glucose values throughout pregnancy. Self-monitoring of blood glucose is widely used in diabetes of any type to correct treatment, while an important aspect of self-monitoring of glycemia is the correct choice of a glucometer, which reduces the likelihood of errors. One of the accurate and convenient modern glucometers, used including in pregnant women with diabetes of any type, is Contour®Plus ONE. A clinical case of the course and outcomes of pregnancy in a patient with type 2 diabetes is presented.