The association between intimate partner violence and cervical cancer screening among women of childbearing age in South Africa

Background. Cervical cancer is a major global public health concern, particularly in South Africa (SA), where it is the second most prevalent cancer among women. This prevalence can be attributed to several factors including poor screening rates and the prevalence of HIV. Objective. To examine the association between intimate partner violence (IPV) and cervical cancer screening (CCS) in SA, while considering the influence of other sociodemographic factors. Methods. The study used cross-sectional data from the 2016 South Africa Demographic and Health Survey, focusing on women of childbearing age who underwent CCS. Bivariate analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship between CCS and each independent variable. A binary regression model was used to determine the association between intimate partner violence and CCS while controlling for other variables. Results. The study found that 32% of women aged 15 to 49 years in SA had undergone CCS at least once in their lifetime. No significant association was established between IPV and CCS uptake (unadjusted odds ratio (uOR) 1.05, 95% CI 0.84 - 1.31; p>0.05 and adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.16, 95% CI 0.89 - 1.51; p>0.05 ). However, sociodemographic factors, including area of residence, age, education level, wealth, race and health insurance status, were significant predictors of CCS. Older women, those with higher education, wealthier individuals and those with health insurance were more likely to undergo screening. Conclusion. In the present study, IPV was not a significant factor directly influencing CCS uptake. Instead, a complex interplay of sociodemographic factors was identified as predictors of CCS rates. These findings highlight the need for interventions that address the barriers to CCS, particularly in rural areas and among underprivileged and minority populations. Improving education, healthcare coverage and accessibility can potentially enhance screening rates and reduce the burden of cervical cancer in SA.