Lymphocytic hypophysitis associated with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome during assisted fertilization

Lymphocytic hypophysitis is a rare autoimmune disease, often presenting with symptoms of glandular enlargement and endocrine dysfunction. Despite its low prevalence, it remains a significant diagnostic challenge, often requiring tissue biopsy for confirmation. This report describes the case of a 34-year-old woman who developed lymphocytic hypophysitis following ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) during fertility treatment. Initial symptoms included severe headache, uncontrollable vomiting, and behavioral changes. Radiological and neurological evaluations revealed an enlarged pituitary gland with symmetrical hyperintensity on MRI, and laboratory tests showed elevated ACTH and prolactin levels. Further gynecological examination confirmed OHSS. The patient was treated with supportive therapy and high-dose dexamethasone, leading to complete resolution of the symptoms. This case highlights the need for awareness of hypophysitis as a potential complication in women undergoing fertility treatments and suggests the importance of comprehensive diagnostic evaluations to distinguish it from other conditions. Further research is needed to explore any potential link between OHSS and lymphocytic hypophysitis. KEY WORDS: Lymphocytic hypophysitis, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, CSF lymphocytosis.