Fluvial systems affected by open-cast mining

The paper present data on the impact of placer platinum mining in the Vyvenka River basin (Kamchatka Krai), based on long-term observations from 2003 to 2022, in the areas of placer gold mining in the Langeri River basin (Sakhalin Island) (2015–2016), the Tuul River (Mongolia) (2011–2015), and the apatite-nepheline deposits of the Yuksporryok River (Khibiny Mountains) (2017–2018) and copper in the Nautanen River basin (Sweden) (2017–2018) on the fluvial systems. Changes in fluvial processes of the abandonded mining sites influenced by reclamation measures are discussed. Examples of changes in sediment budget components are given, special role of effluents and channel erosion on sediment transport and its chemical composition in rivers is discussed. Specifically, the review is focused on the different stages of mining development and after their abandonment.