Risk Assessment for Electrochemical Energy Storage System (EESS) Based on Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and Coupling Revision

As the demand for renewable energy increases, the operation of Electrochemical Energy Storage Systems (EESS) in variable environments leads to numerous failure risks. Therefore, the effective risk management for EESS is crucial. However, current studies on risk assessment of EESS face some limitations: insufficient experience, a lack of consistency correction for expert opinions and the analysis of relationships between factors. To address these issues, this paper introduces the EESS Risk Indexing (ERI) framework, employing the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) coupled with score revision. This method systematically assigns weights to risk factors based on expert opinions, specifically addressing the complexities of interconnected risks in EESS. The main contributions of this research are twofold: it provides an effective method for indexing and prioritizing risks in EESS, and it precisely identifies and measures the relationships and weights among risk factors, thus aiding assessors in making better decisions for EESS safety control. A case study at an electrochemical energy storage station in Fujian Province demonstrates the methodology's effectiveness in calculating safety management scores. The novelty of the method lies in its adoption of risk indexing system tailored for EESS, addressing risk factors across various fields such as battery, thermal management and grid stability. Additionally, it utilizes an advanced consistency correction algorithm to enhance the precision of expert opinions. As a result, the findings confirm that the ERI framework not only delivers reasonable weights but also clearly elucidates the potential risks, significantly improving the safety and reliability of EESS.