Optimizing Rural Microgrids with Integrated Hydro-PV-Storage Systems for Enhanced Voltage Stability and Economic Efficiency

Rural regions frequently contend with antiquated distribution infrastructure, substandard power quality, and limited utilization of renewable energy sources. Distributed microgrids present a viable solution to ameliorate local power quality and enhance resource efficiency. This paper introduces an optimal configuration model for rural microgrids incorporating hydro and photovoltaic (PV) resources, aiming to balance power quality and economic efficiency. Voltage stability is employed as the principal power quality indicator, while the minimization of the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) ensures economic feasibility throughout the microgrid's lifecycle. The proposed model comprehensively accounts for investment, operational, and maintenance costs, alongside the benefits of energy generation within the microgrid. The multi-objective optimization problem is addressed using the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II), which provides optimal solutions across various tradeoffs. Validation of the model is conducted using a modified IEEE 33-bus system, demonstrating its capability to enhance power quality and reduce upgrade costs in rural distribution networks.