Diagnostic Musculoskeletal Ultrasound of the Achilles Tendon

Musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSKUS) is a pivotal imaging modality for the evaluation and management of Achilles tendon pathologies. Its ability to provide real-time, high-resolution imaging facilitates accurate diagnosis, dynamic assessment, and precise therapeutic interventions. The Achilles tendon, the largest and strongest tendon in the body, is critical for lower limb function and prone to a variety of pathologies, particularly in athletes and active individuals. This paper explores the normal sonographic anatomy of the Achilles tendon, common pathological findings-including tendinopathy, tears, insertional disorders, and retrocalcaneal bursitis-and ultrasound techniques to optimize diagnostic accuracy. The integration of MSKUS into clinical practice has revolutionized the assessment and treatment of Achilles tendon injuries, offering a cost-effective, radiation-free alternative to other imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).