Analysis of the Change in Sea Level of the Mediterranean Sea and the Syrian Coast Between 1955 and 2023 AD and the Risks Resulting from it at the Regional and Local Levels

The research aims to clarify the number of factors causing the rise in the level of the Mediterranean Sea, whether factors related to the global change in sea level as a result of terrestrial warming, represented by the water rise resulting from the thermal expansion of the oceans, the melting of glaciers and ice sheets, and internal factors related to the geological situation, structural movements, the topography of the Mediterranean Sea, water balance and exchange, water, wind force, etc. This research also shows the changes in the level of the Mediterranean Sea during different geological eras. It analyzes the nature of the current change in the level of the Mediterranean Sea between 1955–2022 AD. The research also aims to clarify the potential hazard effects of rising Mediterranean Sea levels, as the cities overlooking this sea are among the areas highly exposed to the risk of rising sea levels, including the towns and capitals of many Arab countries, and to identify areas vulnerable to submergence on the Syrian coast in particular. The study also includes an analysis of the factors behind the decline in the level of the Mediterranean Sea and the Syrian coast following the 2023 earthquake in Turkey and northern Syria, leading to an attempt to predict the future change in this sea level by analyzing the studies presented by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).