Advancements and Challenges in Preclinical Study Models of Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases: Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases

Introduction:Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's are among the most common neurological disorders in older adults, characterized by the gradual loss of brain neurons.Despite considerable scientific advancements, a definitive cure for these diseases remains elusive.Preclinical study models play a vital role in understanding underlying mechanisms and developing novel therapies.This article provides a comprehensive review of animal, pharmaceutical, and genetic models, each simulating different aspects of behavior, pathology, and molecular biology related to these diseases.Furthermore, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and programming languages in data analysis and creating personalized statistical models has opened new avenues for predicting disease progression and designing targeted treatments.Transgenic animal models are employed to study the effects of genetic mutations, while pharmaceutical models use neurotoxins such as amyloid-beta and 6-hydroxydopamine to replicate pathophysiological pathways.Combining these approaches with AI tools offers a more accurate representation of disease complexities.Conclusion: To gain a comprehensive understanding of these diseases, it is crucial to develop advanced models that integrate biological, pharmaceutical, and AI methodologies.These models can enhance the accuracy of disease simulations, identify novel therapeutic pathways, and improve patients' quality of life.