CLASSIFIERS OF TECHNOLOGICAL POLICY INSTRUMENTS AND THEIR REFLECTION IN COUNTRY EXPERIENCES

Modern technological policy plays a crucial role in stimulating economic growth and enhancing national competitiveness. However, the absence of a unified and systematic classification of technological policy instruments hinders a comprehensive and targeted approach to their utilization. It is hypothesized that existing classifiers do not fully capture the real experiences and potential applications of these instruments. This study conducts a critical analysis of current classifications based on the experiences of leading technological powers, including Russia, China, the United States, Japan and Republic of Korea. An additional foundation for examining classification elements is the indicative approach, which plays a significant role in implementing technological policy within theoretical frameworks of public administration, such as New Public Management and New Public Governance. The analysis reveals several shortcomings of existing classifications, including excessive simplification, a multiplicity of classification criteria, insufficient detail on the instruments, and a lack of universality, which collectively impede a thorough understanding of diverse technological policy approaches. Consequently, this research aims to develop a new universal classification of technological policy instruments that reflects their targeted nature, considers international experience, and exhibits a higher level of universality and systematicity. The development of this classification aims to improve the effectiveness of technological policy instrument application in achieving strategic development goals while creating a more transparent and comprehensible system for analyzing and evaluating the effectiveness of technological policies.