Психологічні складові готовності борців до змагальної діяльності

Topicality. The work presents the results of an experimental study of the personal characteristics of wrestlers as important components that determine the state of their readiness for competitive activity. It was established that although the level of formation of most of the investigated psychological properties of the personality of wrestlers affects readiness for competition, there are qualities on which this state does not significantly depend. The purpose of the study is to study the peculiarities of the manifestation of personality indicators of athletes-wrestlers, which testify to their psychological readiness for competitive activities. Material and methods of the study – to solve the tasks of this research, the analysis and generalization of data from the scientific and methodological literature was used; analysis of pedagogical indicators of the effectiveness of technical actions, psychological diagnosis; methods of mathematical statistics. The study involved 20 athletes: 9 Masters of Sport (5 in judo, 3 in freestyle wrestling, and 1 in Greco-Roman wrestling) and 11 Candidates for Master of Sport (4 in judo, 3 in freestyle wrestling, 2 in Greco-Roman wrestling, and 2 in sambo). The participants had 10-12 years of sports experience and were aged 20-21 years. Results of the study. There is a direct correlation between the level of anxiety and the assessment of the perception of the athlete’s capabilities (r=0.52), that is, the level of excitement of wrestlers before the start is influenced by other people’s assessment of their capabilities. The inverse relationship between the level of anxiety and the performance of athletes (r=-0.42) is indicated by the following: the higher the level of anxiety, the lower the rating of the wrestler’s performance, and at the same time, at a very low level of anxiety, the effectiveness of the fight also decreases. The analysis of the results of the research on the orientation of motivation revealed an equal number of subjects with a moderately high (6 persons) and average (6 persons) level of motivation to achieve success. Too high a level of motivation for success is established in 4 wrestlers. The fewest athletes were with a low level of motivation for success (4 people). According to the results of the analysis of the graphs of working capacity using the tapping test method, wrestlers with a strong type of nervous system prevail (8 people). 6 athletes have an average nervous system, 2 have an average nervous system, and 4 have a weak nervous system. This allows us to conclude that the strength of the nervous system obviously does not play a leading role in achieving victory in the fight, since good results in our case were recorded in athletes with different types of nervous system. Conclusions. The analysis of the data obtained in the research shows that among the psychological parameters that affect the state of mental readiness of athletes-wrestlers, the level of situational anxiety, the assessment of the significance of the competition and the desire to perform, the orientation and level of motivation for success and the avoidance of failure, the level of confidence of the athlete in his forces. At the same time, the orientation of the psyche and indicators of the strength-weakness of the nervous system’s performance influence the athlete’s readiness, but are not decisive in achieving mobilization readiness.