Design and Optimization of an Islanded Microgrid for a Remote Community

This paper investigates the components that make up a microgrid and the possible energy sources that can be used in the application of a remote community in Africa. The meteorological conditions within a certain region in Africa were then examined and the suitable hybrid combination of diesel/PV chosen. The energy storage schemes available were reviewed and a lead-acid battery selected for application in the microgrid. A model of the hybrid microgrid was then developed. The system was optimally sized in HOMER software and from the results, the benefits of hybridising the sources were determined. HOMER has the capability of accurate cost analysis however does not have the capabilities to observe the load flow etc. Therefore, the design and optimisation are also implemented in DIgSILENT software. It is shown that the installation of a solar PV array and battery bank increases the initial capital costs, however, the levelized cost of energy and the operating cost of the microgrid were reduced. From the simulation results, it is determined that the sizing of the solar PV has effects on the microgrid carbon dioxide emissions and costing. It is also observed that a trade-off between solar PV array and battery bank size must be made to maintain the affordability of the microgrid application.