Formulation Development, Pharmacological Evaluation, and Characterization of <i>Eclipta alba</i> Phytosomes

Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk, a medicinal herb with significant therapeutic properties, has been traditionally used in Ayurvedic and folk medicine for treating liver disorders, hair loss, and inflammation. The bioactive compounds in E. alba, including wedelolactone, ecliptine, and various flavonoids, are known for their hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. However, these compounds face challenges in clinical applications due to their poor solubility and low bioavailability. To address these limitations, this study explores the formulation of Eclipta alba phytosomes, a novel drug delivery system aimed at enhancing the bioavailability of plant-based compounds. Phytosomes, complexes of plant extracts and phospholipids, have been shown to improve the solubility and bioavailability of active ingredients. In this study, E. alba extract was complexed with phospholipids (soy lecithin) to form phytosomes using a solvent evaporation technique. The formulated phytosomes were characterized for their particle size, zeta potential, morphology, and encapsulation efficiency. The particle size was found to be approximately 150 nm with a zeta potential of -30 mV, indicating good stability. Encapsulation efficiency was 85%. The phytosomes were further evaluated for their pharmacological activities. In vitro antioxidant activity was measured using DPPH and ABTS assays, with IC50 values of 12.5 μg/mL and 15 μg/mL, respectively, demonstrating superior antioxidant activity compared to the free extract (IC50 = 25 μg/mL). In vivo studies showed significant anticancer effects. These findings suggest that Eclipta alba phytosomes enhance therapeutic efficacy by improving bioavailability and pharmacological activities.