Ink inscriptions and Carvings inscriptions of Pyongyang Jinpari Tomb No. 4

This paper examines the investigative history and research issues of Pyongyang Jinpari Tomb No. 4(眞坡里4號墳), deciphering the recently disclosed ink inscriptions(墨書) on the north wall and carvings on the west wall, and exploring their meanings. It also examines the relationships between the ink inscriptions, murals, and the tomb’s owner. The investigation history of Pyongyang Jinpari Tomb No. 4, beginning with surveys in 1941, followed by a detailed investigation in 1961-1974, and another in 2006 by South and North Korea, which provided comprehensive details. Initial survey reports weren’t written, but recent disclosures of materials from participating researchers have changed the research environment. Infrared photos revealing clear writings were introduced. This chapter translates the ink in- scriptions on the north wall for the first time and describes their characteristics. The ink inscriptions consist of five lines, with around 24-26 characters deciphered. Some characters suggest connections to I Ching or Feng Shui geography. The semi-cursive script used is rare in Goguryeo tomb inscriptions, in- dicating a possible time gap between the murals and inscriptions. This chapter reassesses the carvings at the southern end of the west wall beneath the heavenly figure. The Carvings inscriptions(刻書) consist of 12-13 characters in two columns. The inscriptions date back to 870 AD, indicating they were added long after the original tomb construction. Identifying the author is currently challenging. This chapter reviews previous research on the murals of Jinpari Tomb No. 4 and explains the relationship between the murals, ink inscriptions, and the tomb owner. Unlike typical tomb murals featuring the four guard- ian deities, this tomb features a dragon-like deity on the north wall. Considering the location of the ink inscriptions above this deity, they are more likely to explain the deity rather than serve as a tomb epitaph. Jinpari Tomb No. 4 dates back to the first half of the 6th century and is likely related to the Goguryeo royal family, though the exact identity of the tomb owner remains unclear. Although clear answers are elusive, this Explanation inscription previously little-discussed elements of Jinpari Tomb No. 4, in- cluding its murals, ink inscriptions, and carvings. It is hoped that continued re-examination and new perspectives on the murals will further our understanding.