A Comparative Study of The Northern and Southern Styles of Zhuang Opera in the Guangxi Zhuang Aotonomous Region, China

Zhuang Opera is deeply rooted in the traditions, beliefs, and lifestyles of the Zhuang people, yet it faces numerous challenges in the context of globalization and modernization. In 2006, Zhuang Opera was recognized as a national intangible cultural heritage of China, offering an opportunity for its preservation. However, it continues to struggle with issues such as talent shortages, regional fragmentation, and the erosion of traditional practices. This study compares the two primary regional styles of Zhuang Opera—Northern and Southern—analyzing differences in dialects, musical styles, vocal techniques, instrumentation, and performance practices. Through fieldwork, interviews with practitioners, and detailed comparative musical analysis, the study reveals how these stylistic variations reflect the cultural values of the Northern and Southern traditions of Zhuang Opera. It also provides guidelines for the future development of Zhuang Opera, aiming to contribute to its preservation and revitalization while ensuring its continued significance in the cultural life of the Zhuang people.