Borich needs assessment model to evaluate training needs of smallholder farmers in Zambia

Abstract The human capital theory states that individuals, such as smallholder farmers, can improve their skills through training and education to increase their future productivity and value in the marketplace and ultimately ensure food security. However, it is crucial to determine the gap in their skill set to allow for custom training programs. Against this backdrop, we employ the Borich needs assessment model to a dataset of 252 randomly selected smallholder farmers belonging to the Mulimi Farmer Scheme in Zambia to determine their training needs. Of these farmers, 35% had access to extension services and received technical farming support. However, only 30% of them attended some form of training in the past, mainly focusing on technical training. The biggest training need highlighted by the farmers was technical training, followed by farm business management training. Based on the Borich needs assessment model results, we recommend prioritizing the following areas for training: farm resource management, developing a business plan, and farm record keeping. However, considering the farmer’s diverse educational backgrounds and prior knowledge, we suggest tailoring the training approach to meet their specific needs.