The phylogenetic position of Tshangla

Abstract In the past, linguists such as Shafer (1955), Bradley (1997) and Noonan (2008) repeatedly assigned the Tshangla branch of the Trans-Himalayan language family a position close to Tibetan. However, no empirical evidence for this subgrouping has been brought forth, let alone shared innovations. Based on empirical data and the application of neogrammarian principles, this paper provides a reevaluation of the phylogenetic position of Tshangla. First, it is shown that Tshangla does not share the diagnostic innovations of Bodish sensu Hill (2019), i.e. Tibetan and East Bodish. Second, some first phonological, morphological and lexical innovations that define Tshangla as a subgroup of Trans-Himalayan are presented and the non-participation of Bodish in those is demonstrated. Finally, potential cognates for certain innovative features of Tshangla in other branches of Trans-Himalayan are discussed.