Vehicle to Grid for Demand Response Optimization: A Case Study

This study analyzes the economic impact of Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) on a distribution network with a case study to potentially reduce energy consumption costs and upgrade grid stability. Utilizing simulations and linear integer programming conducted with OpenDSS, two scenarios were analyzed: Scenario 1 involved V2G vehicles discharging energy into the grid of a federal university in Brazil during daytime hours (9:00 a.m. to 2:20 p.m.) to lower contracted demand costs, while Scenario 2 examined energy discharge during peak consumption periods (6:30 p.m. to 9:30 p.m.) for this same university to reduce electricity rates. The results demonstrated a significant reduction in maximum demand and associated costs, with the daytime discharge leading to improved voltage stability and reduced peak demand. The intent is to highlight the viability of V2G as a tool for energy management, emphasizing innovative charging strategies and the integration of distributed energy resources (DERs). The findings contribute to the assurance of this technology on smart grids and accentuate the importance of collaboration among the market actors to facilitate the successful implementation of V2G, ultimately paving the way for a more resilient and sustainable energy future.