Navigating Legal Challenges in Earth Observation - A Case Study of Lake Ziway

Satellite data is gaining recognition as a valuable form of evidence in court proceedings due to its versatility and key attributes, such as objectivity and consistent data collection. Despite its potential, the full capabilities of satellite data have yet to be widely embraced in international legal contexts. This paper explores the considerations and criteria necessary for satellite data to be deemed admissible in court. This research tests the legal robustness of satellite observations as evidenced in a case study in Lake Ziway, Ethiopia, to assess the impact of agricultural activities on the lake water volume. The case study uses a combination of satellite multispectral imagery, satellite altimetry data and meteorological data to calculate lake volume changes. The purpose of this research is to understand which elements offer significant potential to strengthen evidence in legal proceedings.