Microgrid Energy Supply Optimization: A Case of Wasini Island, Kenya

Renewable energy microgrids combining solar, wind, and tidal sources with storage provide reliable, sustainable power independently or with the main grid. Future development focuses on optimizing energy storage, improving grid integration, real-time control, and overcoming economic and regulatory barriers. Research should enhance resilience, explore hybrid systems, and assess long-term impacts. This study used MATLAB 2016a with the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to minimize the annualized system cost of a block energy microgrid. The PSO algorithm produced annualized costs and reliability indices for various solutions. Three supply models were evaluated for optimal configurations based on net present cost, cost of energy, and system reliability. The best model achieved an annualized cost of $68,311.23, net present value of $ 33,968, and a cost of $0.449 per kWh, utilizing a mix of solar, wind, wave, and battery storage.