Replication-incompetent VSV-based vaccine elicits protective responses against SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza viruses lead to severe respiratory illnesses and death in humans, exacerbated in individuals with underlying health conditions, remaining substantial global public health concerns. Here, we developed a bivalent replication-incompetent single-cycle pseudotyped vesicular stomatitis virus vaccine that incorporates both a prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spike protein lacking a furin cleavage site and a full-length influenza A virus neuraminidase protein. Vaccination of K18-hACE2 or C57BL/6J mouse models generated durable levels of neutralizing antibodies, T cell responses, and protection from morbidity and mortality upon challenge with either virus. Furthermore, the vaccine provided heterologous protection upon challenge with a different influenza virus strain, supporting the advantage of using NA to increase the breadth of vaccine protection. Now, no bivalent vaccine is approved for use against both SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus. Our study supports using this platform to develop safe and efficient vaccines against multiple viruses.