Mapping as a Method of Displaying the Interconnectedness of Territorial and Institutional Development

This article presents the results of theoretical and methodological approaches and the authors’ practical developments in the field of cartographic mapping of institutions responsible for the development and regulation of tourism and environmental protection infrastructure. The results cover the range from macroregional to local levels: Russia, the Baikal region (Irkutsk oblast, the Republic of Buryatia, and Zabaykalsky krai), and administrative districts and cities located in the central ecological zone of the Baikal natural territory (CEZ BNT). We demonstrate evidence-based approaches to cartographic visualization of the institutional development of two mainstream spheres of life, the connectivity of their regulatory support (basic institutional factor) and territorial structure. This article presents a variant of territorial differentiation of tourist and recreational activities for the Russian Federation based on an institutional approach and cross-cutting indicators and information blocks (tables) prepared for layer-by-layer mapping. Methodological techniques have been developed to assess the legislative, legal, and regulatory security of certain types of tourist and recreational activities, as well as for the typology of tourist territories according to an institutional criterion. Against the background of ecologically determined institutional features of the Baikal region, the domestic regulatory framework for waste management is analyzed. The results of the study show that the modern territorial structure of the national tourism system is characterized by an increase in the fragmentation of recreational zoning from north to south and from east to west due to the increase in favorable natural and climatic conditions, the general level of settlement, development, and transport accessibility. The cartographic representation of the established and planned territorial organization of environmental protection infrastructure is to some extent a reflection of the sustainable ecological and socioeconomic development of the territory of the environmental protection infrastructure in the Baikal region. One of the main problems that needs to be solved with the indicated accelerated development of the tourist and recreational sphere of activity in the eastern regions of Russia is the creation of a modern environmental protection infrastructure, primarily in the Baikal region. The proven geographical tools that are presented here are one of the most effective ways to visualize (display) the state of the emerging waste management system in the first place.