Performance Analysis of Holographic MIMO With One Leaky Waveguide in the Tunnel Scenario

This article investigates a holographic multiple-input multiple-output system in the tunnel scenario with the transmitter being one leaky waveguide. In the communication case, by utilizing the channel model based on Fourier plane waves, the spectral efficiency is analyzed in both the far-field and the near-field. In the integrated sensing and communication case, the spectral efficiency is analyzed and the localization error lower bound is derived. The analysis and the simulation results show that the spectral efficiency increases logarithmically with the increase of the number of slots and the localization error lower bound decreases logarithmically with the increase of the number of slots. In addition, we design and test the leaky waveguide in an electromagnetic full-wave simulation software.