The Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Evaluation of Marrubium cuneatum Banks & Sol. Extracts & Fractions

Objective: This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory potential of the Marrubium cuneatum aqueous and extracts, in addition to the fractions acquired from the liquid-liquid fractionation, respectively. Method: The plant extracts were obtained using maceration, which were separated into their fractions based on polarity using the liquid-liquid fractionation method. The in vitro antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the microdilution method. The antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH•, ABTS+, and CUPRAC assays. The anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts and fractions were evaluated by examining their effects on lipoxygenase (5-LOX) enzyme inhibition. Results: In the antioxidant assays, the n-butanol fraction of the methanolic extract and the ethyl acetate fraction of the aqueous extract showed activity in all tests, followed by the ethyl acetate fraction of the methanolic extract, respectively. In the antimicrobial assays, no remarkable inhibitions were observed compared to the reference compounds. It was noticed that the extracts and fractions showed no effect on the inhibition of the lipoxygenase enzyme. Conclusion: The ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions showed relatively strong antioxidant effects, however, no significant antimicrobial activity was observed. In terms of anti-inflammatory activity, it was determined that the plant did not exhibit any anti-inflammatory effect through the lipoxygenase enzyme suggesting further detailed research on other fractions or purified compounds of the plant material.