Piezoelectric properties and electromechanical coupling factors of a novel 1–1–3 composite with two lead-free ferroelectric components
Abstract A lead-free 1–1–3 composite is put forward for the first time wherein two ferroelectric components (single crystal and ceramic parallel rods) are distributed regularly in a polymer medium. Effective piezoelectric coefficients <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mi>j</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:msubsup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mi>j</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:msubsup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>e</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mi>j</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:msubsup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>h</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mi>j</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:msubsup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , and electromechanical coupling factors <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mi>j</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:msubsup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ( j = 1 and 3), <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:msubsup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:msubsup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> are studied on changing volume fractions of the lead-free ferroelectric components in the 1–1–3 composite based on [0 0 1]-poled domain-engineered single crystal. Links between the piezoelectric coefficients and electromechanical coupling factors of the composite are studied in a wide range of volume fractions m of single crystal at volume fractions of ceramic m c = 0.03–0.10. New m − m c diagrams show regions of large electromechanical coupling factors <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>33</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:msubsup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ≈ 0.7–0.9 (longitudinal mode) and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:msubsup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ≈ 0.7–0.9 (thickness mode), as well as regions where conditions for a large anisotropy | <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>33</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:msubsup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> / <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>31</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:msubsup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> | ⩾ 5 and | <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:msubsup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> / <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:msubsup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> | ⩾ 5 hold. The parameters of the novel 1–1–3 composite are compared to those of the related 1–3-type composites subjected to different averaging procedures and a modification of the ceramic/polymer matrix. The large <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>33</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:msubsup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow=
Authors
- V. Yu. Topolov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3277-7108)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Smart Materials and Structures
- Published
- 2025-01-29
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/adaff1
- Citations
- 1
- Primary Topic
- Dielectric materials and actuators
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.67
Funders
- Southern Federal University