The relationship between high risk factors for preeclampsia and the incidence of preeclampsia in pregnant women at The Medan City Community Health Center

Background: The maternal mortality rate (MMR) is a major issue in health development with total 305 per 100,000 live births in 2015. Preeclampsia (PE) affects about 3.4% of all pregnant women and is one of the leading causes of maternal and fetal morbidity. Methods: This study is an observational analytical study with a cross-sectional design to assess the relationship between high-risk factors for preeclampsia present at <20 weeks of gestation and the incidence of preeclampsia based on blood pressure and proteinuria examinations at >20 weeks of gestation. This research was conducted at the Medan City Health Center. The research population consists of pregnant women receiving antenatal care services at the Medan City Health Center. Data were analyzed descriptively to see the frequency distribution. For bivariate analysis, the chi-square test is used. For multivariate analysis, logistic regression is used. The analysis results are considered significant if p<0.05. Results: The majority of the research subjects are aged 31-35 years with a parity status of multigravida, an education level of high school, an employment status of unemployed, and a BMI classified as normoweight. Parity and education status were significantly related to preeclampsia (p<0.005). Bivariate analysis can be concluded that multipara status with preeclampsia, multiple pregnancies, gestational diabetes, chronic hypertension, and kidney disease are statistically significantly related to the occurrence of preeclampsia (p<0.05). There are five independent variables that significantly affect preeclampsia in this study, namely parity, multipara with preeclampsia, multiple pregnancies, diabetes in pregnancy, and chronic hypertension. Based on the regression equation, the probability is 27%. Conclusions: There are five independent variables that significantly affect preeclampsia in this study, namely parity, multipara with preeclampsia, multiple pregnancies, diabetes in pregnancy, and chronic hypertension.