Chondroblastic Osteosarcoma

Introduction:Osteosarcomas are potentially lethal primary malignant tumors, more commonly found in long bones than in the maxillofacial region.When they develop in the mandible, their diagnosis and treatment are often delayed, typically 3 to 6 months after the onset of the first symptoms.Observation: We report the case of a 23-year-old male patient who presented with a large tumor of the left mandible.Radiological findings strongly suggested malignancy.The surgical procedure performed was a hemimandibulectomy.Histological examination of the surgical specimen revealed a tumor proliferation with the presence of atypical osteoblasts and atypical chondroblastic cells, confirming the diagnosis of chondroblastic osteosarcoma.Discussion: This case illustrates the challenges in establishing an accurate diagnosis, performing appropriate surgical treatment, and managing a mandibular osteosarcoma.Imaging can provide some assistance in diagnosis; however, only histopathological examination offers a reliable diagnosis.The treatment of choice is surgical resection with margins of healthy tissue, which offers a 5-year survival rate of up to 80%.The prognosis for mandibular osteosarcoma is better than for long bone osteosarcomas, but chemotherapy or radiotherapy, which are highly effective for the latter, do not affect the prognosis of mandibular osteosarcoma.