Main Causes and Treatments of Glaucoma Worldwide: A Brief Article Review

Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide, affecting millions of people.It is characterized by a heterogeneous group of conditions that cause damage to the optic nerve, often associated with increased intraocular pressure (IOP).This article reviews the main causes of glaucoma, such as genetic factors, age and systemic conditions, as well as current treatments, including pharmacological therapies, laser procedures and surgeries.A global and interdisciplinary approach is essential for the effective prevention and management of the disease.Research highlights promising advances in personalized treatments and a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms of glaucoma, emphasizing the importance of public health strategies to reduce its prevalence.