The Emergence of Quantum Mechanics from General Relativity Electromagnetism and Charge Quantization

Based on the concept of the Big Bang of the universe being governed by the principles of Minimization of Action and Minimization of rate of Entropy production in a the Very Early Universe, where the expansion of Spacetime was superluminal, both QM (Quantum Mechanics) and electrodynamics can be seen to be emergent rather than foundational with both being a consequence of electric charge quantization and electromagnetism in an expanding spacetime. Postulating the appearance of the “Electrically Entangled” electron charge quanta, which are identified as 5th dimensional vectors in a Kaluza-Klein mathematical framework, both plus and minus, at very Early times in the Big Bang, plus the existence of electromagnetic fields around those charges, the superluminal expansion of spacetime prevents electrodynamics and thus EM radiation. This epoch is postulated to end with the formation of the proton in the Hadron Epoch, with its three quarks forming, with the electron, a Minkowski four vector, and the highly entropic dynamics of the quarks within the proton giving rise to entropy in the EM field under cosmic isothermal conditions with a temperature defined by Electrodynamics of the quarks interior to the proton rather than electrodynamic scattering between widely separated subatomic particles. The appearance of a larger unit of action h, thus mirrors the appearance of a larger unit of stable rest mass, the proton. This correlation is confirmed by the central place of the proton/electron mass ratio in the highly accurate formula derived for α. The emergent character of the quanta of action is suggested to explain the unfeasibility of quantization of GR (General Relativity) to higher orders and with GR and EM with charge quantization being the foundation on which QM is built.