Association between vitamin D levels and preserved ratio impaired spirometry: an investigation of mediating roles of systemic inflammation and metabolic indicators

Elevated vitamin D levels are linked to a lower risk of PRISm, with bilirubin potentially acting as a mediator in this protective relationship. This underscores the clinical significance of maintaining sufficient vitamin D levels to promote lung health and mitigate the prevalence of PRISm among U.S. adults. Further research is warranted to investigate personalized vitamin D supplementation strategies as a potential preventive approach.