Sustainable utilization of bovine adipose tissue derivatives as robust antimicrobial agents against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

The minimum volume of MIMACs achieved complete bacterial inhibition (Minimum Lethal volume) was 75 µl and 100 µl for bacterial concentration of 10¹⁰ and 10¹² cfu/ml, respectively. Direct bacterial membrane attachment and intracellular capture was visualized under light and electron microscopy. Adipolysate was characterized via GC-MS, the fatty acid profile demonstrated several components with known antimicrobial properties. The tested Adipolysate revealed inhibition zone of diameter 25.33 ± 0.88 mm against the tested S. aureus strain, compared with the inhibition zone of Vancomycin (24.0 ± 0.00 mm) and Erythromycin (30.0 ± 0.00). The study revealed the potential effects of MIMACs and Adipolysate as sustainable, natural, and robust antimicrobial agents. However, these preliminary results will be further investigated to understand the mechanism of action and explore possible applications in various fields.