Sex reversal induced by 17β-estradiol may be achieved by regulating the neuroendocrine system of the Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei

The present study represents a first step in understanding the effects of E2 on the neuroendocrine system at the molecular level. The observed retardation in growth in the EM group may be attributed to the potential for neuronal damage and disruptions in the cell cycle and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. Furthermore, the success of E2-induced sex reversal may be associated with the downregulation of neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, dopaminergic synapse, and insulin signaling pathways, as well as the activation of steroidogenesis. These findings provide new insights into the mode of action of E2, and underscore the potential for large-scale production of all-female stocks in P. vannamei.