Dysgerminoma of the Ovary: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Introduction: Germ cell tumors account for 15-20% of ovarian tumors, with most being benign. Dysgerminomas, a rare malignant subtype, primarily affect young women and represent less than 5% of malignant ovarian tumors. These tumors are often diagnosed at stage I (70-80%) and exhibit high chemosensitivity, resulting in excellent outcomes with timely treatment. Material and Methods: A 28-year-old woman presented with chronic pelvic pain. Imaging and tumor marker analysis revealed a right ovarian mass. Laparotomy identified a 22 cm solidocystic tumor. Histopathology confirmed dysgerminoma, and management included right adnexectomy and peritoneal biopsies. Discussion: Dysgerminomas differ from adenocarcinomas with early onset, high chemosensitivity, and favorable prognosis. Imaging and tumor markers are vital for diagnosis and monitoring. Conservative surgery, combined with BEP chemotherapy, ensures excellent outcomes while preserving fertility and hormonal function. Conclusion: Dysgerminomas, though rare, are highly curable with early diagnosis and treatment. Conservative surgery and chemotherapy are critical for achieving favorable results and preserving fertility in young patients.