Hypothesis as the Fundamental Basis of the Deduction of Scientific Knowledge

Key words: hypothesis, problem, theory, probable knowledge, reliable knowledge, scientific revolution The most important condition for the development of science is the experimental application of theoretical knowledge. Sometimes experience disproves even the most solid theoretical system or any of its components. Such theories do not become useless and rejected. At the same time, practically established positions are preserved, and new scientific problems are proposed on the basis of rejected or refuted principles. Their solution involves analysis and justification of the trinity of logical research: problem-hypothesis-theory. Any hypothesis is an assumption about uncertain and unsystematized prior knowledge. A hypothesis becomes reliable from probable knowledge if it is theoretically systematized and practically justified. This process involves putting forward as many hypotheses as possible to solve problems, enriching them with arguments and previously confirmed knowledge. When entering into competition and conflicts, some hypotheses are forced out of the field of research, while others are denied or supplemented. If any hypothesis successfully overcomes the stages of verification and confirmation and does not conflict with other experimentally confirmed scientific and theoretical systems, it becomes valuable and develops into a theory. The process of scientific search for a theory begins again with a hypothesis and goes through all the same stages.