One‐Step Biosynthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Nonantibacterial, Nonantifungal, and Biocompatibility Properties

Abstract In present research article, single‐step biosynthesis of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) is reported by using Sapindus mukorossi (SM) fruit extract as a source of reducing and capping agents. Biosynthesized spherical magnetic IONPs are characterized using XRD, ATR‐IR, FE‐SEM, VSM, BET, and XPS techniques. VSM analysis indicates an Ms value of 30.505 emu g −1 , BET analysis reveals a specific surface area of 9.691 m 2 g −1 , and XPS confirms the formation of Fe₂O₃. NMR, GC‐MS, and HR‐MS techniques reveal the biological molecules present in SM fruit extract including flavonoids, diterpenoids, and antioxidants. These biomolecules perform a dynamic role of capping, stabilizing, and reducing agents to synthesize stable IONPs, using a bottom‐up synthesis approach. They exhibit nonantibacterial potential against both Gram‐positive ( Staphylococcus aureus, (S. aureus), Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) ) and Gram‐negative ( Escherichia coli, (E. coli), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) ) microorganisms. Nonantifungal potential against different fungi ( Penicillium spp., Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus), Fusarium oxysporum (F. oxysporum) , and Rhizoctonia solani (R. solani) ) is also observed. The biosynthesized IONPs exhibit inertness toward the L929 normal fibroblast cell line, making them a promising candidate for drug delivery and various therapeutic and diagnostic applications.