The main diseases of spring wheat and the use of biofungicides in the northern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

The purpose of the research was to identify the most common diseases of spring wheat grown in the Northern Forest-Steppe and to identify the most effective biological products used in the experiment against diseases of spring wheat. Methods. The experimental studies were conducted during 2021–2024 in the Northern Forest-Steppe in the field experiments of the Plant Protection Department of the National Research Center “Institute of Agriculture NAAS” in Chabany village, Fastiv district, Kyiv region. Object of research: spring wheat variety Rannіa 93. Weather conditions during the years of research contributed to the development of diseases. Results. As a result of the crops’ inspections, the following diseases were detected: powdery mildew (Blumeria grumines (DC.) Speer. (BLUMGR), leaf septoria (Septoria trittici Roberge ex Desm. (SEPTTR), ear blight (Sertoria nodorum (Berk.) Berk (SEPTNO), pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechsler and root rot (Fusarium (FUSASP), Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoemaker (BIPOSO), Gaeumannomyces graminis (Sacc.) Arx & L.L.Olivier (GAEUGR), Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides (Fron) Deighton (PSEUHE), Alternaria spp. ) (ALT), Fusarium spp. (FUSASP), brown rust Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici Rob. ex Desm (P. triticina Erikss). Conclusions. The growing seasons of 2021–2024 were favorable for the development of wheat diseases, but the effectiveness of biological products during the spring wheat growing season was low and at the end of the growing season was less than 30%. The surveys conducted after three treatments showed that there is no significant effectiveness in relation to the control in variants with the use of different biological products based on different active ingredients. When applying biological products during the growing season, spring wheat yielded 0.1-0.9 t/ha more than in the control. The highest yield increase was in the variant with the use of a mixture of Sporazin 2 l/ha + Phytophyt 0.05 l/ha + Biostimix 0.5 l/ha + Xampan 0.25 l/ha, Sporomax T 1- 2 kg/ha + Sporomax B 2 kg/ha + Xampan 0.25 l/ha. Thus, the preserved yield indicates that the treatment of spring wheat crops with biological products has a positive effect on plants. Therefore, the use of biofungicides in the protection of spring wheat requires further research, and the study of the protection problem remains relevant.