Phytosanitary status of winter wheat sowings in long and short rotation crop rotations

Investigate the phytosanitary status and establish the structure of the phytopathogenic and entomological complex in winter wheat crops depending on the crop rotation factor and fertilization system in short crop rotations in the conditions of the subzone of unstable moisture of the Forest Steppe of Ukraine on the typical low-humus, coarse-grained, light-loam chernozem of the Panfil Research Station of the NSC “IA NAAN”. Methods. Field, laboratory, phytopathological and analytical. Field studies were conducted under the conditions of monitoring surveys. Results. The article presents the results of phytosanitary and entomological monitoring of winter wheat sowings for the 2016–2018 research years. It was established that the composition of the phytopathogenic complex of winter wheat depends on the predecessor, the fertilization system and weather conditions. In multi-rotational crop rotations, the phytosanitary condition of crops during the years of research was satisfactory, the number of phytophages was significantly lower, or at the level of the economic threshold for harmfulness. The lowest density of wheat thrips on winter wheat was noted for the predecessor of buckwheat, peas, perennial grasses and soybeans. Inhabitation of winter wheat plants by bread sawfly was absent during the predecessor of buckwheat and soybean. The lower percentage of stems damaged by bread sawfly larvae was for the predecessor of winter rape and peas. Conclusions. According to research results, phytosanitary monitoring of winter wheat crops is represented by pathogens: leaf septoria (Sertoria tritisi Roberge ex Desm. (SEPTTR), ear septoria (Septoria nodorum (Berk.) Berk (SEPTNO), ear fusarium (Fusarium (FUSASP) and root rot (Fusarium (FUSASP), Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoemaker (BIPOSO), Gaeumannomyces graminis (Sacc.) Arx&D.L.Olivier (GAEUGR), Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides (Fron.) Deighton (PSEUHE). The entomocomplex of winter wheat included phytophagous species, the most common among them being wheat thrips (Haplothrips tritici Kurd) bread common (Cephus pygmaeus L.).On average, over the years of research in four-field crop rotations under the organic fertilization system in winter wheat crops, the development of leaf septoriosis, root rot, and ear septoriosis was the lowest in the experiment. The use of the organic fertilizer system contributed to the decrease in the number of wheat thrips compared to the organic-mineral and mineral. The application of mineral and organic fertilization system contributed to the reduction of the colonization of crops by bread sawfly, compared to the option without fertilizers.