Application of BIM-Driven BEM Methodologies for Enhancing Energy Efficiency in Retrofitting Projects in Morocco: A Socio-Technical Perspective

Conducting accurate and quick energy analyses for retrofitting purposes became crucial for Architecture, Engineering, Construction, and Operations (AECO) markets worldwide. This paper investigates the possibility of determining and implementing an architect-friendly BIM-based energy analysis for Morocco’s Energy Efficiency Retrofitting (EER). For this matter, a socio-technical approach is adopted. The technical part of the study assesses two Building Information Modeling (BIM) tools (ArchiCAD v26 and Revit v23) regarding their Building Energy Modeling (BEM) capabilities for EER. Their evaluation uses a confirmed case of EER located in Marrakech as a baseline to compare the two tools. The social part investigates the AECO market of Marrakech, where the baseline is located, to anticipate the strengths and limits that might influence the implementation of the BIM-based BEM for an EER workflow in architecture studios. The technical part underlines the significant potential of the chosen BIM tools: ArchiCAD is more flexible, customizable, and accurate regarding energy analysis results, while Revit allows for the strong integration of regulations within its process. The social investigation showcases the studied market’s potential for adopting BIM and BEM for EER but highlights the issue of persisting 2D Computer-Aided Design (CAD) workflows. The same social investigation also suggests that combining BIM tools (ArchiCAD and Revit) in the same workflow might benefit the studied market more because of AECO professionals’ diverse needs. These findings constitute a first base for the national implementation of a BIM-based BEM for EER. They also hold the potential to be used in emerging economies with similar AECO markets.