Comparative Analysis of The Essence of Human in Psychological Directions and Psychotherapeutic Models

Key words: human essence, personality, psychoanalysis, behaviorism, humanistic psychology, existential psychology, cognitive psychology, psychotherapeutic approaches The article examines the development of approaches towards the essence of human in historical terms from the standpoint of individual religious, philosophical and psychological aspects, their mutual connection and difference. The perception of human nature in different psychological approaches and psychotherapies varies depending on what aspect of human personality is studied and what philosophical or theoretical paradigm is used. To summarize, the work of psychotherapy models is specific because different psychological approaches offer different emphases and techniques of understanding human nature; interaction between them can lead to a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of human nature. The broad concept of human nature encompasses physiological, psychological, social and cultural aspects, and many psychologists work to consider the various elements that affect people's personalities and behaviors. Therefore, a key component of the development of psychology, as well as of its connection with other scientific fields and practical areas of psychology, is the study of the essence of man. It advances the theoretical and applied branches of psychology and advances our understanding of individuals as subjects of sociocultural and psychological processes. In psychology, comprehending human essence aims to understand human essence and improve human life from a psychological perspective.