Synthesis of Novel Cyclic Imide-containing Thiazole and Benzothiazoles for Antimicrobial Evaluation and Computational Docking Studies

Background: Many compounds with thiazole, benzothiazole, and cyclic imide have been found to exhibit potent antimicrobial activity, such as Cefotaxime, Moiramide, Ri-tonavir, etc. Aims: As per the aim of this study, the cyclic imides with thiazole and benzothiazole moiety were designed and synthesized. Objectives: Literature findings suggest the potential antimicrobial properties of thiazole and benzothiazole, which inspired us to design and synthesize imides with succinic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, and maleic anhydride. Methods: Three series of synthetic compounds were synthesized i.e. substituted 1-(4-(p-tolyl)thiazol-2-yl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione (SI 1-6), 2-(4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (PI 1-6), and 1-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione (MI 1–5) and characterized with IR, NMR, Mass spectroscopy. All synthesized derivatives were evaluated to check the an-timicrobial properties against Gram +ve, Gram -ve bacteria, and fungi species by determining the zone of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration. Docking was carried out to check binding affinities with targets ‘DNA Gyrase and Penicillin Binding Protein 3’. Results and Discussion: Zone of inhibition showed that all the synthesized compounds are active against bac-teria and fungi. Compound SI-4 showed a maximum zone of inhibition. Most of the com-pounds showed MIC at 6.25 and 12.5 μg/ml. A docking study revealed that compounds PI-4 and PI-2 showed good dock scores towards DNA Gyrase and Penicillin Binding Protein 3, respectively. Conclusion: All synthesized compounds showed significant antimicrobial properties. The anti-microbial evaluation showed that compounds SI-4, PI-,2, and MI-1 possess good antimi-crobial activity. Electron withdrawing substitutions may enhance the antimicrobial property.