Iatrogenic Superior Vena Cava Syndrome With Extensive Thromboembolism Associated With Chronic Indwelling Catheterization

Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) results from the partial or complete obstruction of blood flow through the superior vena cava (SVC), which comprises a broad clinical spectrum ranging from asymptomatic cases to rare life-threatening emergencies with upper airway obstruction and increased intracranial pressure. Iatrogenic SVCS is not uncommon given the increasing utilization of intravascular devices in the past decades, suggesting that wider knowledge of the indications for semipermanent venous access and consistent monitoring are warranted in our clinical practice in order to avoid unfavorable outcomes. Here, we present a case of SVCS with respiratory distress due to extensive thromboembolism associated with a chronic indwelling intravenous (IV) catheter.