The SEA algorithm for endomorphisms of supersingular elliptic curves

Abstract For a prime $$p{\,&gt;\,}3$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo> <mml:mspace/> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and a supersingular elliptic curve E defined over $$\mathbb {F}_{p^2}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:msub> </mml:math> with $${j(E)\notin \{0,1728\}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>j</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>E</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>∉</mml:mo> <mml:mo>{</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1728</mml:mn> <mml:mo>}</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , consider an endomorphism $$\alpha $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> </mml:math> of E represented as a composition of L isogenies of degree at most d and assume $$L\log d = O(n)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mo>log</mml:mo> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>O</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , where $$n{\,=\,}\log (p)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mspace/> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>log</mml:mo> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . We prove that the trace of $$\alpha $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> </mml:math> may be computed in $$O(n^4(\log n)^2 + dLn^3)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>O</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mo>log</mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> bit operations, using a generalization of the SEA algorithm for computing the trace of the Frobenius endomorphism of an ordinary elliptic curve. When $$L\in O(\log p)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:mi>O</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mo>log</mml:mo> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and $$d\in O(1)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:mi>O</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , this complexity matches the heuristic complexity of the SEA algorithm. Our theorem is unconditional, unlike the complexity analysis of the SEA algorithm, since the kernel of an arbitrary isogeny of a supersingular elliptic curve is defined over an extension of constant degree, independent of p . We also provide practical speedups, including a fast algorithm to compute the trace of $$\alpha $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> </mml:math> modulo p .

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Publication Details

Journal
Research in Number Theory
Published
2026-06-17
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40993-026-00754-x
Primary Topic
Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic
Type
preprint
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

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preprint

The SEA algorithm for endomorphisms of supersingular elliptic curves

Travis Morrison, Lorenz Panny, Jana Sotáková, Michael S. Wills
Research in Number Theory
Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic
preprint

The SEA algorithm for endomorphisms of supersingular elliptic curves

Travis Morrison, Lorenz Panny, Jana Sotáková, Michael S. Wills
preprint en

Abstract

Abstract For a prime $$p{\,&gt;\,}3$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo> <mml:mspace/> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and a supersingular elliptic curve E defined over $$\mathbb {F}_{p^2}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:msub> </mml:math> with $${j(E)\notin \{0,1728\}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>j</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>E</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>∉</mml:mo> <mml:mo>{</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1728</mml:mn> <mml:mo>}</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , consider an endomorphism $$\alpha $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> </mml:math> of E represented as a composition of L isogenies of degree at most d and assume $$L\log d = O(n)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mo>log</mml:mo> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>O</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , where $$n{\,=\,}\log (p)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mspace/> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>log</mml:mo> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . We prove that the trace of $$\alpha $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> </mml:math> may be computed in $$O(n^4(\log n)^2 + dLn^3)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>O</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mo>log</mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> bit operations, using a generalization of the SEA algorithm for computing the trace of the Frobenius endomorphism of an ordinary elliptic curve. When $$L\in O(\log p)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:mi>O</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mo>log</mml:mo> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and $$d\in O(1)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:mi>O</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , this complexity matches the heuristic complexity of the SEA algorithm. Our theorem is unconditional, unlike the complexity analysis of the SEA algorithm, since the kernel of an arbitrary isogeny of a supersingular elliptic curve is defined over an extension of constant degree, independent of p . We also provide practical speedups, including a fast algorithm to compute the trace of $$\alpha $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> </mml:math> modulo p .

Research in Number TheoryVol. 12(3)
Division of Computer and Network Systems
Openalex Percentile: Top 100%
Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic
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