Precision of Photogrammetry and Intraoral Scanning in Full-Arch Implant Rehabilitation: An In Vitro Comparative Study

The objective of this in vitro study is to evaluate and compare the precision of digital impressions obtained using intraoral scanners and photogrammetry devices for full-arch implant-supported oral rehabilitation. Three reference models were created with various spatial distributions of Straumann implants, according to the Caramês I Classification: (i) option A with six implants; (ii) option B with four implants; and (iii) option C with four implants. Thirty digital impressions were taken for each of the reference models: ten with the Intraoral 3Shape Trios 3 scanner, ten with the Medit i500 intraoral scanner, and ten with the PIC Dental photogrammetry device. Intra-group best-fit overlaps were performed between the virtual models obtained, and accuracy was evaluated using root mean square (RMS) values. A significance level of p = 0.05 was defined. Mean values were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test. All scanners studied showed high precision, with RMS values similar for each implant distribution. The PIC Dental photogrammetry device demonstrated the best results for the CCI A and B distributions, with mean values of 11.28 µm and 14.44 µm, respectively. For the CCI C distribution, the 3Shape Trios 3 scanner achieved the best result, with a mean value of 5.96 µm. Among all devices, the implant distribution showing the highest RMS values was the CCI B, with mean values between 14.44 µm and 16.96 µm. The PIC Dental device was the only method that did not exhibit statistically significant differences in RMS values across the different distributions studied, indicating that its performance is unaffected by distribution variations. No statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in the RMS values among the three types of scanners. Overall, a smaller number of implants and closer distribution between them resulted in improved precision for digital impressions in full-arch implant rehabilitation.