Utilizing Geographic Information Systems to Identify Optimal Locations for Establishing Solar Power Plants in the Sebha Region

This study aims to determine the most suitable location for establishing solar power stations in the Sebha region using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). It focuses on integrating geographic and climatic data and applying specific criteria to evaluate the spatial suitability for these stations. The study aims to leverage the region's natural potential by utilizing solar radiation and guiding decision-makers towards optimal sites that offer economic and environmental efficiency. The study used a descriptive-analytical approach and applied several criteria in the analysis, such as solar radiation, slope degree, proximity to transportation and energy networks, and distance from urban areas. The Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) method was also applied within the GIS environment to assess suitable areas. The results showed that climatic factors, such as solar radiation, temperature, and wind, play a crucial role in determining site suitability for solar power stations. The study utilized a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the region to produce maps using Spatial Analyst tools within the Arc Map 10.8 package, along with land use maps to create a spatial suitability map. The spatial suitability results for establishing a solar power station indicated that highly suitable areas constitute about 60% of the total studied area, while moderately suitable areas represent around 22%, and areas with low suitability cover approximately 18% of the total area. These findings support efforts to diversify energy sources and establish a scientifically-based database that promotes renewable energy use and sustainable development in the region.