Necessary Configuration Analysis (NConfA): a new multivariate approach

This paper introduces a new analytical method, Necessary Configuration Analysis (NConfA), which advances asymmetrical analysis by determining the necessity of configurations–combinations of factors–rather than focusing on individual conditions. While existing methods such as fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) and Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA) assess the necessity of single conditions or factors, NConfA provides deeper insights into multivariate relationships. It identifies necessary configurations crucial for achieving desired outcomes in complex social phenomena. This paper includes a step-by-step guide and an illustrative example of this technique, offering opportunities for reanalysing prior studies and expanding applications to fields such as service research and consumer behaviour. NConfA equips decision–makers to identify the necessary combinations of factors for resource-efficient outcomes.