Reliability and safety of elevators and escalators/ travelators: Past, present and future

• Importance of Transportation Technologies: Elevators, escalators, and travelators enhance convenience and efficiency in high-traffic areas like malls, hotels, and airports. • Reliability Concerns: The dependence on these technologies leads to significant issues when they malfunction or stop working. • Historical Review: The paper examines the evolution of methods aimed at improving the reliability and safety of these transportation systems. • Modern Techniques: Focus on contemporary approaches including fault diagnosis and detection, maintenance forecasting, and health monitoring. • Future Potential: Discussion on the possibilities for further advancements in technology to enhance reliability and safety in human transportation systems. Elevators, escalators and travelators have been developed to enable people to save time and physical strength when traveling. As places such as shopping malls, hotels and airports have become dependent on these transportation technologies, major problems can occur when they stop working. This paper reviews the historical steps used to address the reliability and safety of these human transportations – technologies and how fault diagnosis, fault detection and health monitoring, and maintenance forecasting are now being implemented, as well as the potential for further advancements.