Pneumomediastinum in MDA5+ Dermatomyositis: A Case Series

MDA5+ DM, or anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 antibody-positive dermatomyositis (DM), is a rare autoimmune illness that primarily affects women of Asian origin. The typical presentation of MDA5+ DM includes a variety of cutaneous lesions accompanied by either no muscular weakness (amyopathic) or hypomyopathic features. In patients with MDA5+ DM, rapid progression of interstitial lung disease is a frequent manifestation associated with poor prognosis. Pneumomediastinum, spontaneous intramuscular haemorrhage, and macrophage activation syndrome form a spectrum of rare manifestations associated with MDA5+ DM. Since these issues are uncommon but fatal, it's important to explore the approaches for diagnosis, treatments, and possible mechanisms, that are useful for prompt treatments and management of the patient.