Cytokine Profile in Patients with Herpes Zoster

Background. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to studying cytokine levels in the blood of virus carriers and patients, as cytokines are mediators of intercellular interactions within the immune system. They influence herpes virus-infected endothelial cells, promoting enhanced expression of cellular adhesion molecules and initiating inflammatory reactions in the vascular walls. This study focuses on investigating the levels of major pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with herpes zoster to reveal key immunopathogenetic features of inflammatory process exacerbations caused by the Varicella Zoster virus (VZV). Purpose – to assess serum cytokine levels and IgG antibody levels against VZV in patients with herpes zoster. Materials and Methods. Serum cytokine profiles (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17a, IL-23) were analyzed using ELISA (Elabscience, USA), along with IgG antibody levels against VZV (Varicella Zoster Virus IgG ELISA, DRG Diagnostics Germany) in 30 patients with herpes zoster. Results. The incidence of herpes zoster was age-dependent, with patients over 61 years being the most affected. Significant imbalances between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were observed during the first day of hospitalization, likely due to functional imbalance in T-helper lymphocytes. VZV IgG antibody titers were significantly higher (P < 0.0001) in patients with herpes zoster compared to the control group. Strong correlations between cytokine and antibody levels were observed. High IL-17 levels were notable in the patient group, while IL-4 levels negatively correlated with disease severity. Conclusions. Elevated cytokine levels associated with cellular and humoral immunity were identified, confirming immune system activation. Vaccination for individuals aged 60 and above is recommended to prevent VZV reactivation.