Advances, Fundamentals, and Machine Learning Contributions to Marine Microbial Antibiotic Synthesis

Antibiotic resistance has become one of the most significant clinical crises of the modern day.With pathogens developing immunities against existing antibiotic medications, it has become essential to find alternative compounds that can inhibit the growth of these harmful bacteria.Microorganisms residing in marine environments are promising options for this purpose.This hypothesis is backed by previous experiments with the natural products of marine microbes, studies on their ecological roles and patterns of evolution, and advances in technologies for studying marine microbes.Diving deeper into this information, this paper highlights how breakthroughs in the field of marine-derived antibiotics-including in situ cultivation, CRISPR-Cas9 genetic engineering techniques, and numerous ML models such as Evodictor-have allowed researchers to access and study marine microbes' metabolites for antimicrobial properties with considerable success.We aim to establish that future drug discovery efforts should be shifted to our oceans, the 70 percent of our world that has been left largely unexplored.